Mental retardation is caused by a number of different factors. Mental retardation due to metabolic disorders like congenital phenylketonuria is preventable. Mental retardation is a developmental disability that first appears in children under the age of 18. The problems affecting the brain can occur during their development in the womb or after birth. Mental retardation in young children is often missed by clinicians. Mental Retardation: An Alius of Oiseuses with Associated Physical Abnormalities. It is defined as an intellectual functioning level (as measured by standard tests for intelligence quotient) that is well below average and significant limitations in daily living skills (adaptive functioning). Mental retardation may be caused by insufficient oxygen for a baby during childbirth. Some causes of mental retardation in children include genetic disorders, environmental factors, trauma, and illness. Some of the most common known causes of intellectual disability - like Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, fragile X syndrome, genetic conditions, birth defects, and infections - happen before birth. Injury or illness Infections such as measles, whooping cough, or meningitis may result in intellectual disability. . Head Trauma: A severe head injury can cause inflammation in the brain.This can change the mental state of the child and lead to difficulties in memory, attention and reasoning. What is Mental Retardation? (with pictures) This paper aims at uncovering the causes as well as the effects of mental retardation. It should not be forgotten that the mental retardation is not the inability of a person on something, it is the situation of having low intelligence quotient. Discover +14 Answers from experts : The DSM-IV classifies mental retardation into four stages based on severity: mild (IQ score of 50-55 to approximately 70), moderate (IQ score of 30-35 to 50-55), severe (IQ score of 20-25 to 35-40), and profound (IQ score of less than 20-25). They are high blood pressure, syphilis, severe nutritional deficiency, repeated X-rays and excessive drugging of the mother during pregnancy. This level of mental retardation is referred as moron. 3. Mental retardation, types of mental retardation in children Insufficient nutrition and psychoemotional deprivation (lack of physical, emotional and cognitive support necessary for growth, development and social adaptation) in children of the first years of life can be the most common causes of mental retardation throughout the world. The oversimplified dispute over "organic" vs "environmental" causes of retardation has been rejected due to the growing scientific information base. Mental retardation is a condition of children who have limitations or inability to develop cognitive functions and adaptive behavior (Staff, 2008). Traumatic injuries sometimes cause mental retardation as well. and G. Brown, M.D., F.A.A.P. In exceptionally gentle case there might be as it were negligible mind harm offering ascend to slight postpone just and less than . Mild Mental Retardation. During pregnancy, excessive intake of alcohol by the mother, smoking or diseases like rubella and syphilis predispose the child to intellectual impairment. Several causes of mental retardation in individuals have been discovered, however a third of the affected, the causes are not clearly unknown. Mild mental retardation | definition of Mild mental ... 1. The prevalence of mental retardation defined as IQ less than 70 has been estimated as ranging between 6.7-11.9 per thousand children in the Nordic countries. Down's Syndrome, phenylketonuria) Certain maternal infections during pregnancy (e . Mental Retardation: Symptoms, Treatments, Causes, Tests ... cry sounds like a cat (for which the syndrome was named) . Causes Of Mental Retardation The mental retardation can affect infants due to certain problems interfering normal brain development. Pergamon Press, 1977. Mentally retarded children may take longer to speak, walk and take care of their personal needs like going to the bathroom and . However, in certain areas of academia or life skills . Many cases of mental retardation in children are caused by problems before a child is born. Mental retardation is caused by a number of different factors. Additionally, bleeding in the brain that occurs before or after birth can lead to mental retardation. The Causes of Mental Retardation | Pediatric Annals Causes of mental retardation are numerous and include genetic and environmental factors. What Is Mental Retardation: It's 4 Important & Identical Types Prevention of Mental Retardation: Four Decades of Research. Mental Retardation (MR) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a significant impairment of cognitive and development due to abnormalities in the structure or function of brain. In the early stages of the disease, signs and symptoms are . Last Revised 3/1/11 ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. Mild mental retardation is a diagnosis given to children and adults whose scores on a standardized intelligence test fall between eighty and one hundred. The known causes can be placed into five categories: • Genetic Irregularities - for example x-ray exposure, incompatibility of genes inherited from parents, Rh blood factor The causes are many but the effect is invariably one: mental dysfunctioning. Profound. Causes of mental retardation are numerous and include genetic and environmental factors. Brain infections, severe head injury, extreme malnutrition, near-drowning, exposure to toxic substances like lead, and abuse and severe neglect as other causes. Following a recommendation made at a past confer­ ence, the technique adopted at the Seminar Extreme, moderate, mild . Causes of Mild Mental Retardation . Alaska Division of Public Health Child Study Center, Anchorage, Alaska ABSTRACT Retrospective case study analysis was done to determine the number of persons retarded due to child abuse and . But it did not find sufficient evidence to support any side effects involving development, such as mental retardation. 20. An injury to the brain during birth can cause it, as can severe head injuries during childhood. we presume subnormal intelligence and talk about mental retardation. Profound mental retardation is also referred as "idiot". The established risk factors for MR include: [3] Various genetic disorders (e.g. However, their reasoning, imagination, creativity and sense of . The child has diminished learning capacity and does not adjust well socially. That includes; abnormal gene mixes from parents, errors when genes combine, overexposure to x-rays, and many more reasons. Mental retardation in young children is often missed by clinicians. Description Nov. 12, 1999 (New York) -- Subtle alterations to the ends of pieces of genetic material may explain a significant number of . New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Co; 1972. Majority of the cases of mental retardation are idiopathic (no cause can be identified). Mental retardation is also known as an intellectual disorder. Specific causes of intellectual disability are not always identified. mental retardation, the problem of the dif­ ferential diagnosis of child psychosis and mental retardation, and a diagnostic problem that was complicated by the fact that one of the patients was an identical twin. Unlike retardation due to deprivation, re­ tardation due to biological or organic causes, generally may not be reversed. Others happen while a baby is being born or soon after birth. Other causes could be extreme prematurity, hypoxia at birth, perinatal injury and low birth weight. FXS is estimated to affect 1 in 2,500 males and 1 in 8,000 females. One cause of mental retardation is of genetic conditions. Incomplete general development of mental capacity. Mental retardation Definition. Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Maternal Phenylketonuria — A Cause of Mental Retardation in Children without the Metabolic Defect logo-32 logo-40 In India, 5 out of 1000 children are mentally retarded (The Indian Express, 13th March 2001). If the child struggles with adaptive behaviors, like communication, interactions, and self-care, and has a low IQ, a diagnosis of mental retardation is likely.Diagnosing mental retardation in individuals with autism can be tricky since they have problems with fluent speech, eye contact and sensory problems. MENTAL RETARDATION. It is defined as an intellectual functioning level (as measured by standard tests for intelligence quotient) that is well below average and significant limitations in daily living skills (adaptive functioning). Learn about types of mental illness in children like anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, and eating disorders. Drinking Alcohol during pregnancy can put the unborn child at risk for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, which is one of the leading causes of mental retardation in kids. the older you are, the more likely you are to have a child with mental retardation. Issues during childbirth It is defined as an intellectual functioning level (as measured by standard tests for intelligence quotient) that is well below average and significant limitations in daily living skills (adaptive functioning).. Google Scholar 309-313. It should not be forgotten that the mental retardation is not the inability of a person on something, it is the situation of having low intelligence quotient. Often, family members begin to suspect intellectual and developmental delays when a child reaches certain milestones at a slower-than-typical rate. Prevent-ing Mental Retardation: A Guide to the Causes of Mental Retardation and Strategies for Preven-tion. Pergamon Press, 1977. The occurrence of a disturbance in the condition or development of the brain is the cause of someone suffering from mental retardation. Mental retardation is a brain development disorder characterized by IQ scores below the average normal person and the ability to do bad everyday skills. Published January 21, 2003. Identified causes include genetic or metabolic defects, diseases, injuries at birth or brain injury re­ sulting from an accident later in life. A study on 1314 children with mental retardation (MR) without an obvious environmental cause was carried out at Bangalore, Bombay, Delhi and Lucknow to determine the extent and pattern of genetic causes of mental retardation in different parts of India. Most of these children have physical as well as mental handicaps, and usually . problems after birth causes for mental retardation. causes of mental retardation in children Chromosomal abnormalities Autosomal abnormalities Trisomy Translocations Inversions Duplication deletions Sex chromosomes abnormalities Fragile X mutations Turner syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Rett syndrome Various multiple X and/or Y chromosomes conditions Autosomal dominant conditions Mental retardation (MR) in children is a heterogeneous group of disorders with varied causes. PKU is when people cannot metabolize phenylalanine, and it builds to toxic levels that damage the brain. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited form of mental retardation. "Mental retardation is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind existing before the age of 18 years whether arising from inherent causes or induced by disease or injury." According to American Association on Mental Deficiency, This article describes well-known causes of MR and epidemiologically established risk factors. Unusually prolonged labour and abnormal conditions of delivery. Mental retardation can also be caused by problems after birth such as lead or mercury poisoning, severe malnutrition, accidents that cause severe head injuries, an interruption in the supply of oxygen to the brain (for example, near-drowning experiences), or diseases such as encephalitis, meningitis, and untreated hypothyroidism in infants. - PowerPoint PPT presentation. 6. Causes of Mental Retardation . Approximately 43-70% of children with severe MR (i.e., intelligence quotient [IQ] of <50) have a known cause of MR, compared with 20-24% of those with . Prevention: Change the individual's diet to control PKU and prevent mental retardation. The association depicted in Table 3 between nutrition status and mental retardation shows that there is a statistically significant (P = 0.0001) 6 times increased risk of mental retardation in children who are both wasted and stunted (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] - 5.57, 2.29-10.36) as compared to normal nutrition status . Further, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA ), mental retardation is not a known side effect of the vaccine. Other conditions leading to mental retardation also are, traumatic conditions faced during pregnancy, problems at or after birth, metabolic disorders, infections, as also a multitude of unexplained reasons. Most children with Downs function in the moderate range of mental retardation. Mental retardation is a generalized disorder, so the most obvious signs are behavioral in nature. Moser HW, Halldorsson S, et al. Alexander, D. (1998). The condition is present in 2 to 3 percent of the population, either as an isolated finding or as part of a syndrome or broader disorder. If retardation is caused by chromosomal or other genetic disorders, it is often apparent from infancy. Child Abuse and Seglest, Vol. Nicole Madison There are various known causes of mental retardation, including genetic disorders, maternal infections, psychosocial conditions, drug exposure, and environmental chemical exposure. Causes of Mental Retardation. Cause: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic condition that can cause mental retardation if untreated. Common Symptoms of Mental Retardation Continued infant-like behavior Decreased learning ability Failure to meet the markers of intellectual development Inability to meet educational demands at school Lack of curiosity Mental retardation is more common in boys than girls. It is often difficulty to incriminate only a single factor as the cause of mental retardation. The major causes of mental retardation have been identified: fetal alcohol syndrome and Down syndrome. Besides the above factors influencing mental retardation, there are also some other common factors. An IQ test can be used to clarify the situation for children who show symptoms of mental retardation. 1, pp. Common childhood mental disorders are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, and depression. The condition is present in 2 to 3 percent of the population, either as an isolated finding or as part of a syndrome or broader disorder (Daily, Ardinger & Holmes, 2000). 4. Chromosomal Abnormalities Cause of Some Unexplained Mental Retardation. After-birth causes of Mental Retardation Unscrupulous and dangerous abortive measures. Mentally handicapped children and adults are more likely to view the world in concrete, literal terms. An IQ mean of <20 - 25 is profound mental retardation. The following genetic factors, such as inherited disorders and chromosomal abnormalities, may increase the risk of intellectual disability (3). This condition affects about a small population of MR/ID cases. The mental retardation test is only a test that can be done by qualified experts in . Karyotype of typically developing female. RAWALPINDI, Jan 20: Jaundice and fever during infancy have been identified as the major cause of mental retardation in children, a research study carried out by Dr . The child's intelligence is impaired early in life and remains inadequately developed throughout theⁿ growth period. 1. 21. Causes of Mental retardation: Mental retardation is due to interplay of several biomedical, socio-cultural and psychological factors. Some causes include: infections, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic abnormalities and metabolic abnormalities to name a few. Parkinson Disease. Mental retardation is a developmental disability that first appears in children under the age of 18. With severe & profound mental retardation mortality is high due to associated physical disease. Mental Retardation/hindrance in children: In the event that a child is retarded in his psychomotor development (milestones) . Among genetic disorders, Fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome are the commonest causes of mental retardation. The condition is present in 2 to 3 percent of the population, either as an isolated finding or as part of a syndrome or broader disorder (Daily, Ardinger & Holmes, 2000). 4: 50-58. In all, 42.3 per cent patients had mild, 25.3 … 3. Possible Causes for family history of mental retardation. The disease is therefore also referred to as movement disorder. Among genetic disorders, Fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome are the commonest causes of mental retardation. Premature separation of the placenta. Etiological factors can be found in 80% of patients with severe mental retardation (IQ less than 50) and in 50% with mild mental retardation ( … Parkinson's disease is a form of neurological disorder characterized by gradual loss of those neurological functions that governs body movement. The Arc of the United States. An IQ test can be used to clarify the situation for children who show symptoms of mental retardation. Mild Mental Retardation (IQ52-68) Persons within this level of IQ are considered "educable", and their intellectual capacities as adults are found to compare to that of the average 8 to 11 year old child. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited form of mental retardation. More than 500 genetic diseases are associated with mental retardation. MR retardation in young children is often missed by clinicians. If retardation is caused by childhood illnesses or injuries, learning and adaptive skills that were once easy may suddenly become difficult or impossible to master. The child or person has little self-care skills that one needs constant aid and supervision. One of these is the division into primary or endogenous cases, which are presumably due to heredity . and G. Brown, M.D., F.A.A.P. If hypothyroidism is diagnosed early, mental retardation from this condition is also completely preventable, and in many countries there is a neonatal screening program for common biochemical abnormalities leading to mental retardation. The incompatible Rh factor in the parents. 2. Persons with downs may have very mild or quite severe mental retardation. Mental Retardation is a condition wherein a person has certain limitation or difficulty in mental functioning and skills such as language skills, writing Deaf Boysand social skill. At times, the problem affects people when they suffer from brain injuries. Chromosomal Abnormalities Cause of Some Unexplained Mental Retardation. Mental Retardation Mental retardation is defined as subaverage general intelligence, manifesting during early developmental period. As maternal age increases, the incidence of Downs also increases from an initial 1:400 to 1 . Silver Spring, MD. Unlike the case with most of the diseases, finding the exact cause of mental retardation in a child is difficult. Their social adjustment is often approximate to that of the adolescent. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews. Epidemiology About 3% of the world population is estimated to be mentally retarded. Intellectual disability (ID), once called mental retardation, is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. childhood diseases leading to meningitis or encephalitis, blow to the head, near drowning, lead poisoning. Mental Retardation (MR) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a significant impairment of cognitive and development due to abnormalities in the structure or function of brain. 1, pp. Nov. 12, 1999 (New York) -- Subtle alterations to the ends of pieces of genetic material may explain a significant number of . Alaska Division of Public Health Child Study Center, Anchorage, Alaska ABSTRACT Retrospective case study analysis was done to determine the number of persons retarded due to child abuse and . The condition is present in 2 to 3 percent of the population, either as an isolated finding or as part of a syndrome or broader. Some of the symptoms of mild intellectual disability include: Deprivation of oxygen to the brain may cause it as well. In approximately 20-25% of the cases, maternal age is a factor. 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